Food allergy in children
Food allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to a protein in a food that is harmless to most people. In children, the most common triggers are peanut, milk, egg, and tree nuts.
What is food allergy?
Food allergy is an immune-mediated reaction to a specific food protein. When a child with food allergy is exposed to the trigger food, even in very small amounts, the immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and responds. Reactions can range from mild (hives, itching, stomach pain) to severe (anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening emergency).
The most common food allergies in children in the UK are to peanut, cow's milk, egg, tree nuts, wheat, sesame, and fish.
Management
The foundation of food allergy management is strict avoidance of the trigger food, combined with carrying prescribed emergency medication, including an adrenaline auto-injector (such as an EpiPen) where indicated. Every child with food allergy should have a written allergy action plan.
For some children with peanut, milk, or egg allergy, oral immunotherapy may be an option. Dr Sood can discuss whether this is appropriate at a consultation.
When to seek emergency help
If your child is having a severe allergic reaction (including throat swelling, difficulty breathing, collapse, or loss of consciousness), call 999 immediately or go to your nearest A&E. Use the adrenaline auto-injector as directed by your doctor. Do not wait to see if symptoms improve.
If your child is having a severe allergic reaction, call 999 immediately or go to your nearest A&E. Do not wait. Always carry prescribed emergency medication as directed by your doctor.
Frequently asked questions
Diagnosis usually involves a combination of clinical history, skin prick testing, specific IgE blood tests, and, where needed, a supervised oral food challenge conducted in a hospital setting.
Some children do outgrow food allergy, particularly to milk and egg. Peanut and tree nut allergies are less commonly outgrown. Regular review of allergy status is important.
Food allergy involves the immune system and can cause severe reactions including anaphylaxis. Food intolerance does not involve the immune system and does not cause anaphylaxis, though it can cause significant digestive discomfort.
Concerned about your child?
Book a consultation with Dr Sood to discuss your child's symptoms and get a clear diagnosis.